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P-70 Ametist : ウィキペディア英語版 | P-70 Ametist
The P-70 ''Ametist'' (NATO reporting name SS-N-7 Starbright, GRAU designation 4K66; (ロシア語:П-70 «Аметист») 'Amethyst') was an anti-ship missile carried by Soviet and Indian Charlie-I submarines, as well as the Soviet Papa class submarine. It was soon succeeded by the P-120 Malakhit (SS-N-9 'Siren'). ==Development== The P-5 Pyatyorka (SS-N-3 Shaddock) missile required the Echo-class submarines carrying them to spend 30 minutes or more on the surface when firing. This made submarines very vulnerable to enemy attack, so in the 1960s the Soviets started work on a new missile that could be fired whilst submerged, and a submarine to carry it. These became the P-120 Malakhit (SS-N-9 'Siren') and Charlie-class submarine. However, problems with the engines of the P-120 Malakhit forced the Soviets to design a sub-launched missile based on the P-15M Termit (SS-N-2C 'Styx') as a stopgap measure for the first batch of Charlie submarines. This became the P-20L, later renamed the P-70 Ametist.
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